Henry II. Plantagenet (Duke of Anjou)
- ascended the throne through marriage
- established law and order again, he instituted royal courts, travelling judges ( today’s circuit judges) and the jury system
- from then on sentences pronounced at the courts were collected, they form the “Common Law” that serves as case of examples for judges even today
Richard I. Lionheart
- Henry’s son
- spent most of his time on crusades - his brother John I. ruled - barons and bishops forced him to sign a charter protecting their privileges - Magna Charta libertatum 1215 – the power of the monarch was limited
- basics of English constitutionalism liberties
- guaranteed feudal rights and regularized the judical system
- guarantee of liberties of London and of other cities, boroughs and ports of England - good for trade
- system of standard weights and measures was established
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