technical (industrial) revolution
- the boom of inventions-stopped by problems in Europe
- spinning wheel was replaced by machines, cloth making moved to the factory. Machines call for power- Watt’s steam engines supplied it. This necessitated further coal and iron mining and new roads and new canals for transport
Under George III. (1760-1820) the 13 American colonies were lost. Freed from the French threat in Canada, they rebelled when Britain tried to tax them and to restrict their trade. After 7 years of fighting they won independence, but Britain gained a new continent when captain Cook discovered New Zealand and Australia.
GB was shocked when the French revolution ended in terror and Napoleon conquered Europe.
Napoleon decided to attack - navy of Lord Nelson defeated Napoleon at Trafalgar in 1805 - it was sea battle
1801
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created by abolishing the Irish Parliament and sending Irish Members to Westminster.
1801
The UNION JACK was created . It is combination of England, Irish and Scottish flag
19th century = the most glorious period
The British Empire = The Victorian age
Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert (1837-1901)
- became the symbols of “Victorian” morality and respectability
- both supported the development of everything
- people liked them
- done many reforms (social and political):
1) slave trade had been forbidden
2) religious tolerance
3) working hours for children and women were limited
4) compulsory education
5) criminal law was reformed (e.g. no longer the death penalty for stealing a sheep)
6) industrial towns were given seats in Parliament
7) colonization of many countries (India, Pakistan)
8) she gave Canada, Australia and New Zealand self-government to prevent them from rebelling
1921
Ireland was divided into 2 parts
1) southern Oreland became a Dominion - the Republic of Ireland (still problems)
2) northern Ireland remained united with GB (“United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
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